Designing of the ibuprofen mucoadhesive film for relief the oral pain and inflammation

زمینه و هدف: اشکال مخاط چسب، از سیستم های دارورسانی جدید هستند که بصورت قرص و فیلم موجودند. فیلم مخاط چسب دهانی زمان توقف دارو را طولانی می کند و یک شیب بالای غلظتی برای نفوذ ارائه می دهد که منجر به بهبود جذب دارو می شود. هدف از این مطالعه تهیه سیستم تحویل منطقه ای داروی ایبوپروفن به منظور تسکین درد و التهاب خفیف تا متوسط دهانی از طریق تهیه ی فرمولاسیون مخاط چسب دهان بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی فیلم های مخاط چسب ایبوپروفن با روش Casting و با بکارگیری ترکیبات مختلفی از پودر یودراژیت ((EUDRAGIT RL100 و سدیم کربوکسیل متیل سلولوز (NaCMC) به عنوان پلیمر و گلیسرین و پروپیلن گلیکول به عنوان پلاستی سایزر تهیه و از نظر ویژگی‌های ظاهری و فارماسیوتیکسی مانند ظاهر، وزن، ضخامت، قدرت چسبندگی، زمان آزادسازی، زمان از هم پاشیدگی و قدرت بارگیری دارو در فیلم بررسی شدند. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون آماری آنالیز واریانس و تست تعقیبی توکی در نرم افزار SPSS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته ها: سرعت آزاد سازی دارو در فرمولاسیون های مختلف مورد بررسی تفاوت زیادی نشان نداد. استفاده از یودراژیت به میزان بیشتر از 1000 میلی گرم موجب افزایش ویسکوزیته سیستم و کاهش خلل و فرج و ظاهر مناسب فیلم شد اما فیلم‌های ساخته شده با یودراژیت و NaCMC از نظر ویژگی‌های ظاهری و فارماسیوتیکسی قابل قبول تر بودند. نتیجه گیری: بهترین فرمولاسیون با چسبندگی مناسب و سرعت آزادسازی مورد نظر شامل 35 میلی گرم ایبوپروفن، 200 میلی گرم NaCMC و1500 میلی گرم یودراژیت بود که به دلیل ویسکوزیته بالا، قدرت چسبندگی مناسب، نوسانات کم در آزادسازی دارو (در طول 4 ساعت) به عنوان فرمولاسیون برتر انتخاب شد؛ لذا به نظر می رسد این شکل دارویی بتواند مورد توجه و استفاده ی بسیاری از بیماران قرار گیرد

Developing an accurate empirical correlation for predicting anti-cancer drugs’ dissolution in supercritical carbon dioxide

This study introduces a universal correlation based on the modified version of the Arrhenius equation to estimate the solubility of anti-cancer drugs in supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2). A combination of an Arrhenius-shape term and a departure function was proposed to estimate the solubility of anti-cancer drugs in supercritical CO2. This modified Arrhenius correlation predicts the solubility of anti-cancer drugs in supercritical CO2 from pressure, temperature, and carbon dioxide density. The pre-exponential of the Arrhenius linearly relates to the temperature and carbon dioxide density, and its exponential term is an inverse function of pressure. Moreover, the departure function linearly correlates with the natural logarithm of the ratio of carbon dioxide density to the temperature. The reliability of the proposed correlation is validated using all literature data for solubility of anti-cancer drugs in supercritical CO2. Furthermore, the predictive performance of the modified Arrhenius correlation is compared with ten available empirical correlations in the literature. Our developed correlation presents the absolute average relative deviation (AARD) of 9.54% for predicting 316 experimental measurements. On the other hand, the most accurate correlation in the literature presents the AARD = 14.90% over the same database. Indeed, 56.2% accuracy improvement in the solubility prediction of the anti-cancer drugs in supercritical CO2 is the primary outcome of the current study

Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin pharmacy pollutant in Batch Photoreactor

Background & Aims of the Study: Pharmaceutical compounds have a variety of forms and applications. Specific amounts of toxic organic compounds in the process of their manufacturing and utilization cause environmental pollution problems. So, degradation and removal these compounds are necessary. The aim of this paper is the study photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin drug in aqueous solution using photo-Fenton process in a batch photoreactor. Materials and methods: This is an experimental study on a laboratory scale. Fe2+ ions as a homogeneous catalyst applied for the degradation of ciprofloxacin in aqueous solution. The study was performed on synthetic wastewaters that contain ciprofloxacin as a pollutant. The effect of operational parameters such as pH, Fe2+ concentration and H2O2 concentration on reaction kinetics were studied and the optimum conditions were determined for the photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin using one factor at the time (OFAT) experimental design method. Results: The optimal conditions were obtained at pH =3, Fe2+ concentration at 35 ppm and H2O2 concentration at 25 ppm. A first order reaction with rate constant (k=0.0291 min−1) was observed for the photocatalytic degradation reaction. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis of the ciprofloxacin under optimum conditions showed 92% reduction COD in a 49 min period. Conclusions: The results showed that the photo-Fenton process can be a suitable alternative method to degradation of pharmaceutical compounds from synthesis wastewaters

Reporting a lethal drug interaction occurred during evaluation of insulin resistance in mice polycystic ovary model

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Reporting a lethal drug interaction occurred during evaluation of insulin resistance in mice polycystic ovary model

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O OR RI IG GI IN NA AL L A AR RT TI IC CL LE E The Effects of Planting date and Plant Spacing on Yield and Yield Components of Fennel

ABSTRACT In order to study the effect of planting date and plant spacing on yield and yield components of fennel, an experiment was conducted in a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm in -2012 INTRODUCTION One of the most important factors in crop production management is determination of appropriate planting date. Determination of proper Planting date of crop production for use of potential of each variety in each regions for different region will be important in programing and crop management. Planting date has effect on characteristic and different stage of growth and developing and improves use efficiency from environmental factors. Proper planting date change grain yield by changing components yield and proper planting date increase maximum efficiency from crop season and ultimately will cause to arriving to favorable growth and maximum of yield that for each variety determine according to planting goal and seaso

Dietary protein intake and mortality among survivors of liver cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study

Abstract Background Liver cirrhosis is a worldwide burden and is associated with poor clinical outcomes, including increased mortality. The beneficial effects of dietary modifications in reducing morbidity and mortality are inevitable. Aim The current study aimed to evaluate the potential association of dietary protein intake with the cirrhosis-related mortality. Methods In this cohort study, 121 ambulatory cirrhotic patients with at least 6 months of cirrhosis diagnosis were followed-up for 48 months. A 168-item validated food frequency questionnaire was used for dietary intake assessment. Total dietary protein was classified as dairy, vegetable and animal protein. We estimated crude and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), applying Cox proportional hazard analyses. Results After full adjustment for confounders, analyses showed that total (HR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.2–1.1, p trend = 0.045) and dairy (HR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.13–1.1, p trend = 0.046) protein intake was associated with a 62% lower risk of cirrhosis-related mortality. While a higher intake of animal protein was associated with a 3.8-fold increase in the risk of mortality in patients (HR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.7–8.2, p trend = 0.035). Higher intake of vegetable protein was inversely but not significantly associated with mortality risk. Conclusion A comprehensive evaluation of the associations of dietary protein intake with cirrhosis-related mortality indicated that a higher intakes of total and dairy protein and a lower intakes of animal protein are associated with a reduced risk of mortality in cirrhotic patients